Van Til explores the thought of Immanuel Kant and his approach to knowledge through the mind imposing categories on the raw material of reality. He once again points out how this approach presupposes man's autonomy and the rebellion against God's revelation of himself.

Van Til goes further in his critique of Emil Brunner and Karl Barth's view of revelation and Scripture. He shows that neo-orthodox theologians identify God as only his act, that who God is must only be what God does, especially what God does for us in Christ. This undermines the doctrine of Scripture and all traditional teachings of orthodoxy.

Continuing his critique of Barth, Van Til develops a response to Emil Brunner. He focuses here on the neo-orthodox understanding of God's Word and the subject-object relationship of orthodox faith, which Brunner criticises.

Van Til responds to the popular "God is dead" claim in mainstream media, along with its liberal theological supporters. He affirms the biblical response of man's creaturehood and his submission to God's authority. He shows again how prevalent the notion of autonomy is to ancient and modern thought.

Van Til explores Greek thought in more detail, showing the tendency for philosophers to reject the Creator-creature distinction and assume autonomy and neutrality in thinking.

Van Til begins exploring the church fathers (Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Tertullian), showing how they contributed to apologetis but also did not challenge the deeper assumptions of unbelieving thought.

Van Til lectures on the genius of St. Augustine and how he continued to struggle with platonic influence, even though his biblical faith was sincere and won out over Platonism.

Van Til continues his discussion of the Creator-creature distinction in contrast to the Greek form-matter scheme, as well as the thought of Clement and Origen. For Van Til, we must continue to challenge the fundamental assumptions of unbelieving thought, including assumptions about God and the nature of man.